Journal: Metabolites
Article Title: Phenolic Metabolites Protocatechuic Acid and Vanillic Acid Improve Nitric Oxide Bioavailability via the Akt-eNOS Pathway in Response to TNF-α Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Endothelial Cells
doi: 10.3390/metabo14110613
Figure Lengend Snippet: Phenolic metabolites prevent TNF-α induced apoptosis and maintain cell viability. HUVECs were pre-treated with C3G and phenolic metabolites for 24 h + stimulation with TNF-α for an additional 24 h to measure cell viability and apoptosis. ( A ) Flow cytometry analysis to determine cell viability and apoptosis in endothelial cells. ( B ) Representative data. ( C ) Representative graphs of quantitative analysis of % of live cells and cell apoptosis. All data expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significance value was set at # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. control and * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. TNF-α.
Article Snippet: Primary HUVECs (cat. number: C0035C), human large vessel endothelial cell basal media (cat. number: M200500), low serum growth supplement (LSGS) (cat. number: S00310), penicillin/streptomycin (cat. number: 15140122), annexin V–FITC (cat. number: A13199), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFHDA) (cat. number: D399), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (cat. number: 10010023) were all purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK.
Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Control